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Sunday, December 20, 2009

RAMANUJAM


"An equation for me has no meaning unless it expresses a thought of God."- RAMANUJAM

Srinivasa Ramanujan (22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920) was one of India's greatest mathematical geniuses. He made substantial contributions to the analytical theory of numbers and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, and infinite series. His most famous work was on the number p(n) of partitions of an integer n into summands.

By age 11, he had exhausted the mathematical knowledge of two college students who were lodgers at his home. He was later lent a book on Advanced Trigonometry written by S. L. Loney. He completely mastered this book by the age of 13 and discovered sophisticated theorems on his own.

When he was 16, Ramanujan came across the book "A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics"  by George S. Carr. This book was a collection of 5000 theorems, and it introduced Ramanujan to the world of mathematics. The next year, he had independently developed and investigated the Bernoulli numbers and had calculated Euler's constant up to 15 decimal places.

Ramanujan, with the help of Ramaswami Iyer(founder member of the Indian Mathematical Society) , had his work published in the Journal of Indian Mathematical Society.

In January 1913 Ramanujan wrote to G .H. Hardy having seen a copy of his  book Orders of infinity. Hardy, together with Littlewood, studied the long list of unproved theorems which Ramanujan enclosed with his letter.

Hardy wrote back to Ramanujan and in 1914, Hardy brought Ramanujan to Trinity College, Cambridge, to begin an extraordinary collaboration.

On 6 December 1917, he was elected to the London Mathematical Society. 

In 1918, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society , and he was the youngest Fellow in the entire history of the Royal Society.

On 13 October 1918, he became the first Indian to be elected a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.


TAXICAB NUMBER:
The number derives its name from the following story:
G. H. Hardy told about Ramanujan. I remember once going to see him when he was ill . I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. "No," he replied, "it is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways."
1729 is the second taxicab number (the first is 2= 1^3 + 1^3). The number was also found in one of Ramanujan's notebooks dated years before the incident.

Every positive integer is one of Ramanujan's personal friends" - John Littlewood, on hearing of the taxicab incident

Ramanujan had problems settling in London. He was an orthodox Brahmin and right from the beginning he had problems with his diet. Ramanujan sailed to India on 27 February 1919 arriving on 13 March. However his health was very poor and, despite medical treatment, he died on April 6, 1920.

Thursday, December 17, 2009

SUM OF ADJACENT INTEGERS

                                               4 + 5 + 6    =   7 + 8



                                  9 + 10 + 11 + 12    =   13 + 14 + 15


                        16 + 17 + 18 + 19 + 20    =   21 + 22 + 23 + 24


                25 + 26 + 27 + 28 + 29 + 30   =   31 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 35


        36 + 37 + 38 + 39 + 40 + 41 + 42  =   43 + 44 + 45 + 46 + 47 + 48


49 + 50 + 51 + 52 + 53 + 54 + 55 + 56  =   57 + 58 + 59 + 60 + 61 + 62 + 63

NUMBER PATTERN USING 1, 2, 8 AND 9

                      9 x 2 = 18
              99 x 2 = 198
            999 x 2 = 1998
          9999 x 2 = 19998
        99999 x 2 = 199998
      999999 x 2 = 1999998
    9999999 x 2 = 19999998
  99999999 x 2 = 199999998
999999999 x 2 = 1999999998

PALINDROMIC NUMBER PATTERN WITH 1

111111111
               * 111111111
--------------------------
 12345678987654321

Monday, November 9, 2009

EUCLID



FATHER OF MATHEMATICS

The Greek mathematician Euclid’s referred to as “THE FATHER OF GEOMETRY” is well known for his most famous work “ The Elements” which is a collection of geometrical theorems and “Euclidean theorem”.


EUCLID’S FAMOUS QUOTES:
“The laws of nature are but the mathematical thoughts of God”


“ There is no other Royal path which leads to geometry”.
THE ELEMENTS:

The Elements is divided into 13 books.
  • The first 6 books deals with plane geometry.
  • Books  7to 9 deals with number theory.
  • Book 10 deals with the theory of irrational numbers .
  • Books 11 to 13 deals with three-dimensional geometry .

Euclid's Elements is remarkable for the clarity with which the theorems are stated and proved.


EUCLID'S OTHER WORKS :       
  • ON DIVISION deals with plane geometry.
  • The book DATA discusses plane geometry and contains propositions.
  • PHAENOMENA is a work by what we call today as applied mathematics, concerning the  geometry of spheres for use in astronomy. 
  • THE OPTICS, corrects the belief held at the time that the sun and other heavenly bodies are actually the size they appear to be to the eye.
  • CONICS was a work on conic sections.
 EUCLID'S APPROACH:

Euclid used an approach called the "synthetic approach" to present his theorems. Using this method, one progresses in a series of logical steps from the known to the unknown.

EUCLID’S CLASSICAL PROOF ON PRIME NUMBERS:

Euclid proved that it is impossible to find the "largest prime number," because if you take the largest known prime number, add 1 to the product of all the primes up to and including it, you will get another prime number. Euclid's proof for this theorem is generally accepted as one of the "classic" proofs because of its conciseness and clarity. Millions of prime numbers are known to exist, and more are being added by mathematicians and computer scientists.